Data model

The SIOSE data model is a standardised, interoperable and harmonised land occupation model according to ISO 19101 (Geographic Information - Reference Model) and ISO 19109 (Geographic Information - Rules for application schema):

  • Multi-parameter: Various classes and attributes for the same SIOSE polygon.
  • Multi-criteria: This allows the use and cover to be associated with the polygon.
  • Extensible and compatible with other national and European projects.
  • Object-oriented: Materialised in a database according to an Entity-Relationship Model and designed using UML notation.

The terrain is represented by polygons, the only entity with its own geometry in the SIOSE data model. During production, metadata is generated according to the Spanish Metadata Core (NEM) and the ISO 19115 standard.

Two superclasses have been defined for each polygon: land cover and land use.

  • Land Cover (LC)

    Categorisation of the land surface into different units according to their biophysical properties, e.g. urban area, crops, forest cover, etc. Within each SIOSE polygon, the cover can be considered homogeneous, differentiating from neighbouring polygons by the cover or combination of covers that form it, in such a way that the sum of these covers in a polygon represents 100% of its surface.

    Furthermore, depending on the type of cover, a certain attribute may be associated with it. For example, whether it is irrigated or not in the case of a crop.

    Therefore, the cover of a polygon can be of two types: "Simple" or "Composite":

    • SIMPLE: The polygon is composed a single cover.
    • COMPOSITE: The polygon is composed of two or more simple and/or composite covers in turn. Depending on the spatial distribution of its components, composite covers are distinguished between "Association" and "Mosaic". There is also a special type of Association, called "Predefined Association".
     
    SIMPLE SIMPLE

    Simple cover:

    100% herbaceous crop other than rice. Attribute: irrigated.
    COMPOSITE Association Association

    Combination of covers without fixed distribution, they are intermixed indistinctly.

    		 Association Composite Cover

    Association:

    80% scrubland.

    20% forest woodland. Conifers.
    Predefined association

    A special type of Association in which it has been specifically predefined which covers it can contain, taking into account its high representativeness in the territory.

    		 Composite Predefined Association

    Predefined association:

    "Urban area”

     

    5% Artificial green area and urban woodland.

     

    85% Building. Attribute: between party walls.

     

    10% Road, parking or pedestrian area.

    Mosaic

    Mosaic

    Combination of coverings whose separation and geometric distribution between them is clearly perceptible.

    A distinction can be made between regular mosaic and irregular mosaic.

    		 Regular mosaic Regular mosaic

    Regular mosaic:

    80% herbaceous crop other than rice. Attribute: irrigated.

     

    20% herbaceous crop other than rice. Attribute: not irrigated.
    Irregular mosaic Irregular mosaic

    Irregular mosaic:

     

    45% Olive grove. Attribute: rainfed.

     

    40% crop other than rice. Attribute: rainfed.

     

    10% scrubland.

     

    5% Building. Attribute: warehouse.
    Land Cover

  • Land Use (LU)

    Characterisation of the territory according to its functional dimension or its current socio-economic use, e.g. industrial, commercial, recreational, etc. The land use may or may not cover 100% of the polygon.